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RNA vaccines have become a key tool in moving forward through the challenges raised both in the current pandemic and in numerous other public health and medical challenges. With the rollout of vaccines for COVID-19, these synthetic mRNAs have become broadly distributed RNA species in numerous human populations. Despite their ubiquity, sequences are not always available for such RNAs. Standard methods facilitate such sequencing. In this note, we provide experimental sequence information for the RNA components of the initial Moderna (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32756549/) and Pfizer/BioNTech (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33301246/) COVID-19 vaccines, allowing a working assembly of the former and a confirmation of previously reported sequence information for the latter RNA. Sharing of sequence information for broadly used therapeutics has the benefit of allowing any researchers or clinicians using sequencing approaches to rapidly identify such sequences as therapeutic-derived rather than host or infectious in origin. For this work, RNAs were obtained as discards from the small portions of vaccine doses that remained in vials after immunization; such portions would have been required to be otherwise discarded and were analyzed under FDA authorization for research use. To obtain the small amounts of RNA needed for characterization, vaccine remnants were phenol-chloroform extracted using TRIzol Reagent (Invitrogen), with intactness assessed by Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer before and after extraction. Although our analysis mainly focused on RNAs obtained as soon as possible following discard, we also analyzed samples which had been refrigerated (~4 ℃) for up to 42 days with and without the addition of EDTA. Interestingly a substantial fraction of the RNA remained intact in these preparations. We note that the formulation of the vaccines includes numerous key chemical components which are quite possibly unstable under these conditions-- so these data certainly do not suggest that the vaccine as a biological agent is stable. But it is of interest that chemical stability of RNA itself is not sufficient to preclude eventual development of vaccines with a much less involved cold-chain storage and transportation. For further analysis, the initial RNAs were fragmented by heating to 94℃, primed with a random hexamer-tailed adaptor, amplified through a template-switch protocol (Takara SMARTerer Stranded RNA-seq kit), and sequenced using a MiSeq instrument (Illumina) with paired end 78-per end sequencing. As a reference material in specific assays, we included RNA of known concentration and sequence (from bacteriophage MS2). From these data, we obtained partial information on strandedness and a set of segments that could be used for assembly. This was particularly useful for the Moderna vaccine, for which the original vaccine RNA sequence was not available at the time our study was carried out. Contigs encoding full-length spikes were assembled from the Moderna and Pfizer datasets. The Pfizer/BioNTech data [Figure 1] verified the reported sequence for that vaccine (https://berthub.eu/articles/posts/reverse-engineering-source-code-of-the-biontech-pfizer-vaccine/), while the Moderna sequence [Figure 2] could not be checked against a published reference. RNA preparations lacking dsRNA are desirable in generating vaccine formulations as these will minimize an otherwise dramatic biological (and nonspecific) response that vertebrates have to double stranded character in RNA (https://www.nature.com/articles/nrd.2017.243). In the sequence data that we analyzed, we found that the vast majority of reads were from the expected sense strand. In addition, the minority of antisense reads appeared different from sense reads in lacking the characteristic extensions expected from the template switching protocol. Examining only the reads with an evident template switch (as an indicator for strand-of-origin), we observed that both vaccines overwhelmingly yielded sense reads (>99.99%). Independent sequencing assays and other experimental measurements are ongoing and will be needed to determine whether this template-switched sense read fraction in the SmarterSeq protocol indeed represents the actual dsRNA content in the original material. This work provides an initial assessment of two RNAs that are now a part of the human ecosystem and that are likely to appear in numerous other high throughput RNA-seq studies in which a fraction of the individuals may have previously been vaccinated. ProtoAcknowledgements: Thanks to our colleagues for help and suggestions (Nimit Jain, Emily Greenwald, Lamia Wahba, William Wang, Amisha Kumar, Sameer Sundrani, David Lipman, Bijoyita Roy). Figure 1: Spike-encoding contig assembled from BioNTech/Pfizer BNT-162b2 vaccine. Although the full coding region is included, the nature of the methodology used for sequencing and assembly is such that the assembled contig could lack some sequence from the ends of the RNA. Within the assembled sequence, this hypothetical sequence shows a perfect match to the corresponding sequence from documents available online derived from manufacturer communications with the World Health Organization [as reported by https://berthub.eu/articles/posts/reverse-engineering-source-code-of-the-biontech-pfizer-vaccine/]. The 5’ end for the assembly matches the start site noted in these documents, while the read-based assembly lacks an interrupted polyA tail (A30(GCATATGACT)A70) that is expected to be present in the mRNA.
A single Gradio + React WebUI with extensions for ACE-Step, OmniVoice, Kimi Audio, Piper TTS, GPT-SoVITS, CosyVoice, XTTSv2, DIA, Kokoro, OpenVoice, ParlerTTS, Stable Audio, MMS, StyleTTS2, MAGNet, AudioGen, MusicGen, Tortoise, RVC, Vocos, Demucs, SeamlessM4T, and Bark!
- gradio
- text-to-speech
- tts
- ai
Videodl: A lightweight video downloader written in pure python. (轻量级视频下载器,优先高清无水印,支持抖音,快手,小红书,B站,TikTok,YouTube,FIFA+,优酷,腾讯,爱奇艺,1905电影网,乐视,芒果,咪咕,PPTV,搜狐,Facebook,Twitter,新浪微博,今日头条,网易公开课,全民K歌,CCTV央视频,酷狗音乐MV,新片场,知乎,百度贴吧,TED等海量流媒体平台)
- video-downloader
- cntv
- douyin
- crawler
A Retrofit inspired WebSocket client for Kotlin, Java, and Android
Specialised AI models for logo design — a brand-analysis model turns a business into constraints, typography and symbol models construct the mark, and a composition engine produces real lockups and clear-space rules. Early access open.
- brand-identity
- cloudflare-workers
- design-systems
- generative-ai
VS Code rebuilt on Tauri. Same architecture, 96% smaller. Early release.
- code-editor
- electron-alternative
- ide
- monaco-editor
A Proof-oriented Programming Language
- programming-language
- verification
- dependent-types
- smt
Modularly import plugin for babel.
Starlark Language
The Cross Platform Game Engine
- starling-framework
- actionscript
- as3
- adobe-air
🔥🔥🔥🔥 (Earlier YOLOv7 not official one) YOLO with Transformers and Instance Segmentation, with TensorRT acceleration! 🔥🔥🔥
- yolo
- yolox
- detection
- detextron2
Mask RCNN in TensorFlow
- maskrcnn
- rcnn
- fasterrcnn
- tensorflow
A Production-ready Reinforcement Learning AI Agent Library brought by the Applied Reinforcement Learning team at Meta.
Tail-kit is a free and open source components and templates kit fully coded with Tailwind css 3.0.
- tailwindcss
- tailwindui
- kit
- ui-components
GitHub Workflow for Alfred
- github
- alfred
- alfred-workflow
- php
ConsecutiveScrollerLayout是Android下支持多个滑动布局(RecyclerView、WebView、ScrollView等)和普通控件(TextView、ImageView、LinearLayou、自定义View等)持续连贯滑动的容器,它使所有的子View像一个整体一样连续顺畅滑动。并且支持布局吸顶功能。
- scrollview
- recyclerview-webview-scrollview
- nestedscrolling
- android
Raspberry Pi Pico Arduino core, for all RP2040 and RP2350 boards
- raspberry
- pi
- pico
- arduino
MuZero implementation
- muzero
- reinforcement-learning
- alphazero
- pytorch
Create Epic Math and Physics Animations & Study Notes From Text and Images.
SQLAlchemy Admin for FastAPI and Starlette
- python
- sqlalchemy
- fastapi
- starlette
DecryptLogin: APIs for loginning some websites by using requests.
- requests
- login
- python3
- spider
图片选择库,单选/多选、拍照、裁剪、压缩,自定义。包括视频选择和录制。
- sheep0704
- pengjianbo
- karl-dujinyang
- java
A simple class for laying out a collection of views with a convenient API, while leveraging the power of Auto Layout.